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The Phoenicians refined and spread a simple alphabetic writing system that would become the ancestor of Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Hebrew scripts.
Unlike the complex cuneiform and hieroglyphic systems that required years of training, the Phoenician alphabet used just 22 consonant symbols. This made literacy accessible to merchants and ordinary people, not just professional scribes. As Phoenician traders carried it across the Mediterranean, local cultures adapted it to their own languages.
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