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Uruk became the world's first major city, home to perhaps 40,000 people at its peak.
Between 4000 and 3200 BCE, Uruk exploded in size and complexity, becoming the largest settlement on Earth. Its massive temple complexes and public buildings point to a highly organized society. This is likely the biblical Erech mentioned in Genesis 10 — and tradition credits its legendary king Enmerkar with founding the city's great institutions.
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