Nimrod Founds the First Cities of His Kingdom in Shinar

Genesis 10:8-12 records that Nimrod son of Cush "began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord... And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah." The text traces the first imperial expansion in human history to four founding cities in lower Mesopotamia: Babel (later Babylon), Erech (Sumerian Uruk), Accad (Akkad — the city that would name the great Akkadian Empire under Sargon the Great around 2334 BCE), and Calneh. Nimrod's name became proverbial for kingly power.

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